Diagnosis and treatment of 26 cases of adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: A total of 26 patients with adenovirus infection admitted to the posttransplant ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2018 to 2022 were enrolled. Their data on baseline and clinical characteristics, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed. Results: The median patient age was 30 (22, 44) years. Twenty-two patients received related haploid stem cell transplantation, three received unrelated stem cell transplantation, and one received umbilical cord stem cell transplantation. Antithymocyte globulin was included in the conditioning regimen in 25 patients. The median time of adenovirus infection was +95 (+44, +152) days. The median peripheral blood lymphocyte count was 0.30 (0.11, 0.69) × 10(9)/L. Twelve patients had acute graft-versus-host disease. Twenty-four patients received antirejection therapies at diagnosis. Sixteen cases had combined infection with other pathogens with adenovirus infection. Eight cases were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection, and 18 were diagnosed as adenovirus disease, including pneumonia (38.89% ) , gastrointestinal disease (38.89% ) , encephalitis (33.33% ) , hepatitis (5.56% ) , and urinary tract inflammation (5.56% ) . The age of >30 years was a risk factor for adenovirus disease (P=0.03) . Eighteen patients received tapering of immunosuppression, and all 26 patients received at least one antiviral drug. Other treatments included high-dose gamma globulin and donor lymphocyte infusion. Adenovirus infection improved in 10 cases and progressed in 16 cases. The median follow-up time was 30 (7, 237) days. Twenty-two patients died. The all-cause mortality rate was (88.5±7.1) % , and the attributable mortality rate was 45.5% . There was no significant difference in the 100 d survival rate between asymptomatic infected patients and patients diagnosed with adenovirus disease (37.5% vs 22.2% , HR=1.83, 95% CI 0.66-5.04, P=0.24) . Conclusion: The age of >30 years was a risk factor for adenovirus disease. Mortality was high in patients with adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Research Progress on Risk Factors and Intervention Measures for Prolonged Thrombocytopenia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Prolonged thrombocytopenia (PT) is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), with an incidence of about 5%-37%, which is closely related to the poor prognosis of patients. Previous studies have shown that transplantation type, CD34+ cell number, pretreatment regimen, acute graft-versus-host disease, virus infection, pre-transplantation serum ferritin level and donor specific antibodies can affect platelet implantation after transplantation. Identifying the risk factors of PT is helpful to early identify high-risk patients and take targeted preventive measures according to different risk factors to reduce the incidence of PT, reduce the risk of bleeding and improve the prognosis of patients. This article reviews the latest research progress of risk factors and intervention measures related to PT after allo-HSCT, in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of PT after transplantation.

Efficacy and Safety of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Decitabine-containing Regimen in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myelodysplastic Syndromes Transformed Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with decitabine (Dec)-conditioning regimen in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and MDS transformed acute myeloid leukemia (MDS-AML).@*METHODS@#The characteristics and efficacy data of 93 patients with MDS and MDS-AML who received allo-HSCT in our center from April 2013 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were administered by myeloablative conditioning regimen containing Dec (25 mg/m2 /d×3 d).@*RESULTS@#Among the 93 patients, 63 males and 30 females, were diagnosed as MDS（n ＝77）, MDS-AML（n ＝16）. The incidence of I/II grade regimen-related toxicity (RRT) was 39.8%, and III grade RRT was only found in 1 patient (1%). Neutrophil engraftment was successful in 91 (97.8%) patients after a median neutrophil engraftment time of 14 (9-27) days; Successful platelet engraftment was achieved in 87 (93.5%) patients, with a median engraftment time of 18 (9-290) days. The incidence of acute graft versus host disease（aGVHD） and grade III-IV aGVHD was 44.2% and 16.2%, respectively. The incidence of chronic graft versus host disease（cGVHD） and moderate-to-severe cGVHD was 59.5% and 37.1%, respectively. Of the 93 patients, 54 (58%) developed posttransplant infections, among which lung infection (32.3%) and bloodstream infection (12.9%) were the most common. The median follow-up after transplantation was 45 (0.1-108) months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate, disease-free survival (DFS) rate, treatment-related mortality, and cumulative incidence of relapse were 72.7%, 68.4%, 25.1%, and 6.5%, respectively. And the 1-year graft-versus-host disease/relapse-free survival rate was 49.3%. The patients in different group of relative high-risk prognostic scoring or low-risk prognostic scoring, with or without poor-risk mutation(s), with mutations number ≥3 or <3 had similar 5-year OS rate (more than 70%). Multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of grade III-IV aGVHD was the independent risk factor affecting OS（P =0.008）and DFS (P =0.019).@*CONCLUSION@#Allo-HSCT with Dec-conditioning regimen is feasible and effective in the treatment of patients with MDS and MDS-AML, especially those in high prognostic risk and with poor-risk mutations.

Desafíos terapéuticos en la enfermedad injerto contra huésped / Therapeutic challenges in graft versus host disease

La enfermedad injerto contra huésped es una entidad en la cual las células inmunológicas competentes de un tejido injertado reconocen y dañan antígenos presentes en el receptor del trasplante, que es incapaz de defenderse de ellas. Es una complicación frecuente del trasplante alogénico de médula ósea, y con menor frecuencia se produce luego de trasplantes de órganos sólidos o transfusiones de hemoderivados no irradiados. Se comunica el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 23 años, con leucemia linfoblástica aguda.y trasplante alogénico de médula ósea, que presentó una enfermedad injerto contra huésped con compromiso cutáneo y gastrointestinal dependiente de corticoides, con mejoría de los signos y síntomas cutáneos luego del tratamiento con infliximab y fotoféresis extracorpórea. (AU)

Graft versus host disease is an entity in which competent grafted immune cells recognize and damage tissue antigens present in the transplant recipient, who is unable to defend from them. It is one of the most serious complications in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, although less frequently it may be associated with solid organ transplants or transfusions of not irradiated blood products. We report the case of a 23 year-old patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, that presented graft versus host disease with skin and gastrointestinal involvement, dependent on corticosteroids, that showed improvement in signs and skin symptoms after treatment with infliximab and extracorporeal photopheresis. (AU)

The need for endodontic treatment and systemic characteristics of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the epidemiological and clinical profiles of patients before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the need for endodontic treatment. The subjects included 188 individuals enrolled in the dental care program for transplanted patients of the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, FO-UFMG) from March 2011 through March 2016. The patients were subjected to an HSCT conditioning dental regimen based on a thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation. Intraoral periapical and bite-wing X-rays were obtained, and after evaluation, specific dental treatment was planned and performed. The following demographic and clinical data were collected from the patients' medical records: age, gender, transplantation stage, primary disease, transplant type, medication used, complete blood count at the time of visit, and need for endodontic treatment. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the chi-square tests were used. Leukemia (31.3%) and multiple myeloma (17.9%) were the most prevalent primary diseases. Most patients were subjected to allogeneic-related transplantation (83.6%). Most patients exhibited platelet counts and hemoglobin concentrations below the reference values in the pre-transplantation stage, while the neutrophil and platelet counts and the hemoglobin levels were within the reference ranges in the post-transplantation stage. The proportions of individuals requiring endodontic treatment were similar between the pre- and post-transplantation groups: 24.3% and 24.7%, respectively. The systemic conditions of the patients referred for dental treatment were compromised.

Prevalence of microbiological markers in bone tissue from live and cadaver donors in the musculoskeletal tissue bank of Passo Fundo / Prevalência de marcadores microbiológicos em tecido ósseo de doadores e cadáveres do Banco de Tecidos Musculoesqueléticos de Passo Fundo

Objective: To conduct an epidemiological analysis on the main microbiological markers in bone tissue that was processed at the musculoskeletal tissue bank of Hospital São Vicente de Paulo, in Passo Fundo, between August 2007 and October 2011. Methods: Between August 2007 and October 2011, 202 musculoskeletal tissue samples were collected for the tissue bank. Among these, 159 samples were from living donor patients and 43 were from cadaver donors. The following serological tests were requested: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, cytomegalovirus, Chagas disease, toxoplasmosis, HIV and HTLV. Results: Among the 159 living donors, 103 (64.75%) were men and 56 (35.25%) were women. The patients' mean age was 59.35 ± 8.87 years. Out of this total, 76 tissue samples (47.8%) from donors were rejected. There was no difference in the number of rejections in relation to sex (p = 0.135) or age (p = 0.523). The main cause of rejection was serologically positive findings for the hepatitis B virus, which was responsible for 48 rejections (63.15%). Among the 43 cadaver donors, the mean age was 37.84 ± 10.32 years. Of these, 27 (62.8%) were men and 16 (37.2%) were women. Six of the samples collected from cadaver donors were rejected (13.9%), and the main cause of rejection was serologically positive findings for the hepatitis C virus, which was responsible for three cases (50%). There was no significant difference in the number of rejections in relation to sex (p = 0.21) or age (p = 0.252). Conclusion: There were a greater number of rejections of tissues from living donors (47.8%) than from cadaver donors (13.9%). Among the living donors, the main cause of rejection was the presence of serologically positive findings of the hepatitis B virus, while among the cadaver donors, it was due to the hepatitis C virus...

Objetivo: Fazer uma análise epidemiológica dos principais marcadores microbiólogicos dos tecidos ósseos processados de agosto de 2007 a outubro de 2011 no Banco de Tecidos Musculoesqueléticos do Hospital São Vicente de Paulo de Passo Fundo. Métodos: Foram feitas 202 captações de tecidos musculoesqueléticos para o Banco de Tecidos. Desse total, 159 foram de doadores e 43 de cadáveres. Foram solicitados testes sorológicos para hepatite B, hepatite C, sífilis, citomegalovírus, doença de Chagas, toxoplasmose, HIV e HTLV. Resultados: Dos 159 doadores, 103 (64,75%) eram do sexo masculino e 56 (35,25%) do feminino. A idade média foi de 59,35 ± 8,87 anos. Foram descartados 76 (47,8%) tecidos de doadores. Não houve diferença significativa no número de descartes em relação a sexo (p = 0,135) ou idade (p = 523). A principal causa de descarte foi a sorologia positiva para o vírus da hepatite B, responsável por 48 (63,15%) descartes. Já entre os 43 cadáveres, a média de idade foi de 37,84 ± 10,32 anos. Desses, 27 (62,8%) eram do sexo masculino e 16 (37,2%) do feminino. Foram descartados seis (13,9%) cadáveres. A principal causa de descarte foi a sorologia positiva para o vírus da hepatite C, responsável por três (50%) casos. Não houve diferença significativa no número de descartes em relação a sexo (p = 0,21) ou idade (p = 252). Conclusão: Houve um número maior de descarte de tecidos de doadores (47,8%) em comparação com os cadáveres (13,9%). Nos doadores, a principal causa de descarte foi a presença de sorologia positiva para o vírus da hepatite B; nos cadáveres, para o vírus da hepatite C...

Funciones atencionales de pacientes pediátricos receptores de trasplante alogénico de células progenitoras hematopoyeticas / the function of attention in pediatric allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Se incluyeron 28 pacientes, el 75% de sexo masculino, con una mediana de edad de 13 años (r 8-17). Se utilizaron las siguientes pruebas: Enfocar-Ejecutar: Stroop y Trail Making A; Sostener la Atención: D2; Codificar la Información (Memoria de Trabajo): Tomal; Capacidad de cambiar la atención adaptativamente: Trail Making B y Wisconsin. Se administró también un test de inteligencia abreviado (KBit). Los pacientes fueron evaluados antes del ingreso a la unidad de trasplante y un año después si se encontraban en seguimiento ambulatorio y en remisión de la enfermedad que motivo el TCPH. También fue estudiado un grupo control de niños y adolescentes sanos, sin trastornos de aprendizaje, de dos escuelas. Se compararon los resultados de los pacientes antes del TCPH con el grupo control y los resultados pre y post TCPH de los 17 que pudieron ser evaluados al año. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student y se consideró significativa una p< 0,05. En la evaluación previa al TCPH los pacientes presentaban resultados significativamente inferiores a los controles para las siguientes prueba: Wisconsin, Trail Making A y B, Stroop, D2 y K-Bit, lo que implicaría compromiso de las siguientes funciones cognitivas: Atención sostenida, Enfocar - ejecutar y Funciones ejecutivas respectivamente, debido a que tomamos el modelo de Misky en donde el cambio adaptativo de la atención está implicando a las funciones ejecutivas. En la evaluación posterior al TCPH se observaron pocas diferencias respecto a la evaluación inicial, que involucraron el sostén de la atención, la capacidad de cambiar el foco de la misma y las funciones ejecutivas. Conclusión: los pacientes llegan al TCPH con un compromiso previo de sus funciones atencionales que podría estar relacionado con las limitaciones para la actividad escolar, producto de la enfermedad y tratamientos previos. Esta situación podría afectar su rendimiento académico posterior y ser un factor de riesgo de fracaso escolar.

Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Using Fresh Frozen Allogeneic Bone Chips as Filler

BACKGROUND: Vertebroplasty is not free from cement related complications. If an allograft is used as a filler, most of them can be averted. METHODS: Forty consecutive cases of osteoporotic vertebral fracture were divided into two groups by self-selection. The study and the control groups underwent vertebroplasty with fresh frozen allogeneic bone chips and bone cement, respectively. Clinical results were assessed at preoperation, postoperative day 1 and months 3, 6, and 12 by 10-grade visual analog scale (VAS), and radiological results were assessed at the same time by vertebral kyphotic angle (VKA) and local kyphotic angle (LKA). The results were compared within and between the groups. Survival function was analyzed. The criteria of an event were clinical or radiological deterioration versus pre-index surgery state. RESULTS: VAS was improved in the study group from 8.4 +/- 0.8 to 5.2 +/- 1.4, 6.4 +/- 1.2, 5.5 +/- 2.7, and 3.7 +/- 1.4 at postoperative day 1 and months 3, 6, and 12, respectively, and in the control group from 8.4 +/- 1.2 to 3.2 +/- 1.1, 3.2 +/- 1.7, 3.2 +/- 2.7, and 2.5 +/- 1.7, respectively (within group, p < 0.001; between groups, p < 0.001). VKA was improved in the study group from 18.9degrees +/- 8.0degrees to 15.2degrees +/- 6.1degrees (p = 0.046) and in the control group from 14.7degrees +/- 5.2degrees to 10.3degrees +/- 4.7degrees (p < 0.001) at postoperative day 1. LKA was not improved in the study group but was improved in the control group from 16.8degrees +/- 11.7degrees to 14.3degrees +/- 9.6degrees (p = 0.015). Correction angle was 2.7degrees +/- 4.6degrees, -7.9degrees +/- 5.3degrees, -7.2degrees +/- 5.2degrees, and -7.4degrees +/- 6.3degrees at postoperative day 1 and months 3, 6, and 12, respectively, in the study group and 4.3degrees +/- 3.7degrees, 0.7degrees +/- 3.6degrees, 0.7degrees +/- 4.2degrees, and 0.1degrees +/- 4.4degrees, respectively, in the control group. Correction loss was significant in both groups (p < 0.001) and more serious in the study group (p < 0.001). The 6-month survival rate was 16.7% in the study group and 64.3% in the control group (p = 0.003; odds ratio, 5.250). CONCLUSIONS: In treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fracture, fresh frozen allogeneic bone chips are not recommendable as a filler for its worse results than bone cement.

Calcificaciones pulmonares metastásicas en un trasplantado renal con un injerto con función renal adecuada: Caso clínico / Metastatic pulmonary calcification in a patient with a functioning kidney allograft: Report of one case

In renal transplants patients, metastatic pulmonary calcifications have been reported occasionally when the grafts are dysfunctional and rarely when they are functioning normally. We report a male who received a renal allograft in 1994 at the age of 61 years. Nineteen years later a routine chest X ray showed diffuse infiltrates and a CT scan showed diffuse calcifications in both lungs. These were interpreted as metastatic pulmonary calcifications. The last available laboratory determinations were a serum creatinine of 1.4 mg/dl and urinary protein excretion of 255 mg/24 hours. No further studies were done since the patient experienced a sudden death due to an acute myocardial infarction.

Reconstrução pélvica com aloenxerto ósseo após excisão de tumor / Pelvic reconstruction with allogeneic bone graft after tumor resection

Objetivos: A reconstrução pélvica após excisão de tumor é um desafio. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo para comparar os desfechos entre pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de reconstrução da pelve com aloenxerto ósseo após excisão em bloco de tumores pélvicos e pacientes submetidos apenas à excisão. Resultados: os pacientes sem reconstrução tiveram escores funcionais significantemente menores 3 meses (10 vs. 15, P = 0,001) e 6 meses após a cirurgia (18,5 vs. 22, P = 0,0024), menor tempo de hospitalização (16 dias vs. 40 dias, P < 0,001) e menor custo hospitalar (97.500 vs.193.000 yuans, P < 0,001) do que os que foram submetidos a reconstrução pélvica. Os escores funcionais foram similares 12 meses depois da cirurgia (21,5 vs. 23, P = 0,365) sem diferença na taxa de complicações entre os dois grupos (P > 0,05). Conclusões: A reconstrução pélvica com aloenxerto ósseo depois de cirurgia de tumores pélvicos é associada a desfechos cirúrgicos e funcionais satisfatórios. Outros estudos clínicos são necessários para explorar como selecionar o melhor método de reconstrução. Nível de Evidência IV, Séries de Casos.

Objectives: Pelvic reconstruction after tumor resection is challenging. Methods: a retrospective study had been performed to compare the outcomes between patients undergoing reconstructive surgery of the pelvis with allogeneic bone graft after en bloc resection of pelvic tumors and patients undergoing en bloc resection only. Results: Patients without reconstruction had significantly lower functional scores at 3 months (10 vs. 15, P = 0.001) and 6 months after surgery (18.5 vs. 22, P = 0.0024), a shorter duration of hospitalization (16 days vs. 40 days, P < 0.001), and lower hospital costs (97,500 vs. 193,000 RMB, P < 0.001) than those undergoing pelvic reconstruction. Functional scores were similar after 12 months of surgery (21.5 vs. 23, P = 0.365) with no difference in the rate of complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: pelvic reconstruction with allogeneic bone graft after surgical management of pelvic tumors is associated with satisfactory surgical and functional outcomes. Further clinical studies are required to explore how to select the best reconstruction method. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

Impact of Combined Acute Rejection on BK Virus-Associated Nephropathy in Kidney Transplantation

BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is one of the major causes of allograft dysfunction in kidney transplant (KT) patients. We compared BKVAN combined with acute rejection (BKVAN/AR) with BKVAN alone in KT patients. We retrospectively analyzed biopsy-proven BKVAN in KT patients from 2000 to 2011 at Seoul National University Hospital. Among 414 biopsies from 951 patients, biopsy-proven BKVAN was found in 14 patients. Nine patients had BKVAN alone, while 5 patients had both BKVAN and acute cellular rejection. BKVAN in the BKVAN alone group was detected later than in BKVAN/AR group (21.77 vs 6.39 months after transplantation, P=0.03). Serum creatinine at diagnosis was similar (2.09 vs 2.00 mg/dL). Histological grade was more advanced in the BKVAN/AR group (P=0.034). Serum load of BKV, dose of immunosuppressants, and tacrolimus level showed a higher tendency in the BKVAN alone group; however it was not statistically significant. After anti-rejection therapy, immunosuppression was reduced in the BKVAN/AR group. Renal functional deterioration over 1 yr after BKVAN diagnosis was similar between the two groups (P=0.665). These findings suggest that the prognosis of BKVAN/AR after anti-rejection therapy followed by anti-BKV therapy might be similar to that of BKVAN alone after anti-BKV therapy.

Aloenxerto circunferencial de fêmur proximal em cirurgias de revisão de artroplastia total de quadril / Circumferential proximal femoral allografts in total hip arthroplas ty revision surgery

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos de pacientes submetidos à reconstrução femoral secundária a afrouxamento de artroplastia total de quadril, com utilização de aloenxerto circunferencial de fêmur proximal e implante cimentado. MÉTODOS: Foi efetuado um estudo retrospectivo com 32 pacientes (33 quadris) submetidos à reconstrução femoral secundária a afrouxamento de artroplastia total de quadril, com utilização de aloenxerto circunferencial de fêmur proximal e implante cimentado. Desses pacientes, 28 (29 quadris) preencheram todos os requisitos necessários. O seguimento médio foi de cinco anos e dois meses. A avaliação clínica foi realizada de acordo com o Harris Hip Score. Radiograficamente, os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à reabsorção e consolidação do aloenxerto, migração do trocânter maior, estabilidade do componente femoral e calcificação heterotópica. RESULTADOS: O Harris Hip Score apresentou resultado pré-operatório médio de 32 pontos e pós-operatório tardio de 82 pontos. Considerando-se a reabsorção do aloenxerto, visibilizou-se nove quadris (31%) com presença de reabsorção em algum grau. Com relação à consolidação, observou-se 24 casos (82,8%) consolidados, três (10,3%) consolidados parcialmente e dois (6,9%) com pseudoartrose. Conforme os critérios estabelecidos, consideraram-se 27 casos (93,1%) como sucesso da reconstrução em seguimento médio de cinco anos e dois meses. CONCLUSÕES: Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a utilização de aloenxerto circunferencial de fêmur proximal em casos selecionados de reconstrução femoral secundária a afrouxamento de artroplastia, apresenta alto índice de sobrevida da reconstrução em seguimento médio de cinco anos e dois meses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results from patients who underwent femoral reconstruction secondary to loosening of total hip arthroplasty, using circumferential proximal femoral allografts and cemented implants. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 32 patients (33 hips) who underwent femoral reconstruction secondary to loosening of total hip arthroplasty, using circumferential proximal femoral allografts and cemented implants. Among these patients, 28 (29 hips) fulfilled all the requirements for this study. The mean follow- up was five years and two months. The clinical evaluation was done in accordance with the Harris Hip Score. Radiographically, the patients were assessed regarding reabsorption and consolidation of the allograft, migration of the greater trochanter, stability of the femoral component and heterotypic calcification. RESULTS: The average preoperative Harris Hip Score was 32 points. At the last postoperative follow-up, the average score was 82 points. Allograft resorption of some degree was seen in nine hips (31%). Regarding consolidation, 24 cases (82.8%) showed full consolidation, three (10.3%) showed partial consolidation and two (6.9%) showed pseudarthrosis. All femoral components were stable. According to the criteria established, 27 cases (93.1%) were considered to be successful reconstructions after a mean follow-up of five years and two months. CONCLUSIONS: From the results obtained, it was concluded that use of circumferential proximal femoral allografts in selected cases of femoral reconstruction secondary to loosening of arthroplasty presented a high survival rate from the reconstruction over an average follow-up of five years and two months.

Aloenxerto circunferencial de femur proximal em cirurgia de revisão de artroplastia total de quadril: relato de casos com seguimento mínimo de 20 anos / Circumferential proximal femoral allografts in revision surgery on total hip arthroplasty: case reports with a minimum follow-up of 20 years

Dentre as opções para reconstrução femoral em cirurgias de revisão de artroplastia total do quadril (RATQ) em defeitos circunferenciais extensos está a utilização de aloenxerto de fêmur proximal. O seu uso permite a correção do mecanismo abdutor do quadril e da discrepância de comprimento dos membros inferiores, além de apresentar potencial osteocondutivo. Os autores relatam os achados clínicos e radiográficos de dois casos de RATQ com uso desta técnica, em seguimento mínimo de 20 anos.

Among the options for femoral reconstruction in total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision procedures, in cases of extensive circumferential defects, is the use of proximal femoral allografts. This technique makes it possible to correct the hip abductor mechanism and the leg length discrepancy, as well as presenting osteoconductive potential. The authors report the clinical and radiographic results from two cases of THA revision using this technique, with a minimum follow-up of 20 years.

Association between human leukocyte antigens and graft-versus-host disease occurrence after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / Associação entre antígenos leucocitários humanos e a ocorrência da doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro após o transplante alogênico de células-tronco hematopoiéticas

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the complications following allogenic stem cell transplantation. This study investigated an association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and the occurrence of acute and chronic GVHD in patients who had received stem cell transplantations from HLA-identical siblings. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). METHODS: The participants were 176 patients whose first transplant was between 1997 and 2009. HLA genotyping was performed serologically and using the polymerase chain reaction with specific primer sequence. RESULTS: Acute GVHD was positively associated with HLA-A10 (P = 0.0007), HLA-A26 (P = 0.002), B55 (P = 0.001), DRB1*15 (P = 0.0211) and DQB1*05 (P = 0.038), while HLA-B16 (P = 0.0333) was more frequent in patients without acute GVHD. Chronic GVHD was positively associated with HLA-A9 (P = 0.01) and A23 (P = 0.0292) and negatively with HLA-A2 (P = 0.0031) and B53 (P = 0.0116). HLA-B35 (P = 0.0373), B49 (P = 0.0155) and B55 (P = 0.0024) were higher in patients with acute GVHD grade 3 or above, than in other patients. In patients with extensive chronic GVHD, HLA-A9 (P = 0.0004), A24 (P = 0.0059) and A26 (P = 0.0411) were higher than in other patients, while HLA-A2 was lower (P = 0.0097). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that HLA can influence the incidence and severity of acute and chronic GVHD. However, a study with a better design and more patients will be needed to confirm these results.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro (DECH) é uma das complicações pós-transplante alogênico de células progenitoras hematopoéticas. Este estudo investigou uma associação entre o antígeno leucocitário humano (HLA) e a ocorrência de DECH aguda e crônica, em pacientes que receberam transplantes de irmãos HLA-idênticos. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo no Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). MÉTODOS: Os participantes foram 176 pacientes cujo primeiro transplante foi entre 1997 e 2009. A tipagem HLA foi realizada por sorologia e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) com sequência específica de primers. RESULTADOS: A DECH aguda foi associada positivamente com HLA-A10 (P = 0,0007), HLA-A26 (P = 0,002), B55 (P = 0,001), DRB1*15 (P = 0,0211) e DQB1*05 (P = 0,038), enquanto HLA-B16 (P = 0,0333) foi mais frequente em pacientes sem DECH aguda. A DECH crônica foi associada positivamente com HLA-A9 (P = 0,01) e A23 (P = 0,0292) e, negativamente, com HLA-A2 (P = 0,0031) e B53 (P = 0,0116). HLA-B35 (P = 0,0373), B49 (P = 0,0155) e B55 (P = 0,0024) estavam aumentados em pacientes com DECH aguda grau 3 ou maior, em comparação aos outros pacientes. Em pacientes com DECH crônica extensa, HLA-A9 (P = 0,0004), A24 (P = 0,0059) e A26 (P = 0,0411) estavam aumentados em comparação aos outros pacientes, enquanto HLA-A2 estava diminuído (P = 0,0097). CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo sugere que o HLA pode influenciar a ocorrência de DECH aguda e crônica e a sua gravidade. No entanto, um estudo com melhor desenho e com mais pacientes será necessário para confirmar esses resultados.

Clinical Characteristics of Monomorphic Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders associated with immunosuppression and Epstein-Barr virus infection. PTLD is classified into three major categories: early lesions, polymorphic PTLD, and monomorphic PTLD. The majority of monomorphic PTLD cases are non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B-cell origin. This retrospective study was conducted to investigate the incidence, clinical manifestation, treatment, and outcomes of monomorphic PTLD among 5,817 recipients of solid organ or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from five institutions. Fourteen patients with monomorphic PTLD were identified (male:female 11:3; median age 42.6 yr, range 24-60). The overall incidence rate was 0.24%. The most common disease type was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (n=7). The median time between the transplant and diagnosis of PTLD was 85.8 months. However, all cases of PTLD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation occurred within 1 yr after transplantation. Ten of the 14 patients had EBV-positive tumor. Fourteen patients received combination systemic chemotherapy and four patients were treated with radiation therapy. Ten patients achieved a complete response (CR) and two patients a partial response (PR). The median follow-up period for surviving patients was 36.6 months. Nine patients remain alive (eight CR, one PR). Nine of 11 solid organ transplantations preserved graft function. The present study indicates a lower incidence rate and a longer median time before the development of PTLD than those of previous reports. Careful monitoring was needed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for PTLD.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip after allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation

Allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT] has been considered a curative treatment option for many hematological and non-hematological disorders. Despite the use of advanced methods of tissue typing and new therapies, graft versus host disease [GVHD] remains a major obstacle. Secondary malignancies are also among the most serious long-term complications after HSCT including leukemia, lymphomas, and to a lesser extent, solid tumors. The most commonly observed solid tumor is squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]. We report two cases of SCC of the lower lip diagnosed several years after HSCT. Both cases were complicated with GVHD prior to the development of SCC and had a successful outcome with minimal surgical intervention

Enfermedad de injerto contra huésped cutánea en el trasplante alogénico de médula ósea / Cutaneous graft versus host disease after allogenic hematopoyetic stem cell transplantation

Debido al incremento en la utilización del trasplante alogénico de médula ósea como terapéutica, es cada vez más frecuente observar la enfermedad injerto contra huésped como una de sus complicaciones de mayor relevancia. Ésta suele ser una causa importante de morbimortalidad en los pacientes trasplantados. Las manifestaciones cutáneas generalmente son las primeras en aparecer, y tanto su forma aguda como crónica presentan una gran variedad clínica. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la etiología, las características clínicas e histopatológicas, el diagnóstico y la terapéutica de la enfermedad de injerto contra huésped cutánea.

Aspergillus endophthalmitis in orthotopic liver transplantation.

In this report, we describe a patient with drug-induced liver failure who developed endogenous endophthalmitis after liver transplantation. Our patient's clinical course was so fulminant that the eye was lost in less than 1 month, without any response to therapy. Recognition of this infection is important because many patients die of disseminated Aspergillus infection, which may be detected early with bedside funduscopic examination by an ophthalmologist. Probably if the patient had referred to us earlier, it may have been possible to save the eye.